THE INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICT BETWEEN GUMUZ AND AMHARA SINCE 2018: CAUSES, ACTORS AND IMPACTS

Abstract

This study was aimed at investigating the causes, actors and impacts of Amhara and Gumuz inter ethnic conflict since 2018. To this end, qualitative research approach with case study research design was employed. The researcher highly relied on primary sources of data though secondary sources of data were also used. The data were collected through in-depth interview, FGD and document analysis. Purposive sampling, a type of non-probability sampling, was also used to select the participants for in-depth and telephone interview as well as FGD. The analysis was made using thematic Analysis. As to the finding of this study, the Amhara- Gumuz inter-ethnic conflict was mainly caused by resource competition, absence of clear boundary and politicization of ethnicity. Similarly, politicization of ethnicity and conflicts, ethnic mobilization, those reconciliations full of conspiracy and the existence of different players make the Gumuz-Amhara conflict to be recurrent and unresolved. The main actors involved in the conflict were the Gumuz Militias (BPLA), Gumuz Officials, on the side of the Gumuz while the statement released by some of the officials from National Movement of Amhara (NAMA) and those organized Amhara militias in the area were the main actors directly participated on the side of Amharas. The Tigray People Liberation Front (TPLF), the Government, those individuals and ethnic elites were also indirectly involved in the Gumuz-Amhara conflict. Further, the study revealed that the massive loss of human life, extensive displacements, worsening of ethnic relations, insecurity, destruction of schools and health centers are among the severe social impacts of the conflict. Lastly, the study identified that public resentment, distrust between the government and people, and hindrance to consensus and unity are the political impairments the conflict breeds. Finally, the thesis suggested for the regional governments to investigate those who involved in the conflict and bring them in front of justice. .