Appraisal and Simulation on Codynamics of Pneumonia and Meningitis with Vaccination Intervention: From a Mathematical Model Perspective

Abstract

The membranes that encompass the brain and spinal cord become inflamed by the potentially fatal infectious disease called pneumococcal meningitis. Pneumonia and meningitis “coinfection” refers to the presence of both conditions in a single host. In this work, we accounted for the dynamics of pneumonia and meningitis coinfection in communities by erroneously using a compartment model to analyze and suggest management techniques to stakeholders. We have used the next generation matrix approach and derived the effective reproduction numbers. When the reproduction number is less than one, the constructed model yields a locally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium point. Additionally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to determine how different factors affected the incidence and transmission rate, which revealed that both the pneumonia and meningitis transmission rates are extremely sensitive. The performance of our numerical simulation demonstrates that the endemic equilibrium point of the pneumonia and meningitis coinfection model is locally asymptotically stable when max fR1,R2g > 1. Finally, as preventative and control measures for the coinfection of pneumonia and meningitis illness, the stakeholders must concentrate on reducing the transmission rates, reducing vaccination wane rates, and boosting the portion of vaccination rates for both pneumonia and meningitis. 1. Introduction The word “epidemiology” is derived from the Greek term “demos,” which means “people,” and “logos,” which means “the study of”. In other words, the term “epidemiology” has its roots in the study of the experiences of a population. Despite the fact that many definitions have been provided, the one that best encapsulates the fundamental ideas and public health perspective of epidemiology is: “Epidemiology is the study of the prevalence and causes of health-related conditions or incidents in particular populations, as well as the application of this information to the prevention or treatment of health issues” [1, 2]. In epidemiology, the frequency and distribution of health events in a population are studied. By the term “frequency,” we not only mean the number of health events, such as the number of cases of meningitis or diabetes in a population, but also the correlation between that number and the size of the population [2, 3]. The underlying premise of epidemiology is that disease does not develop in a community at random but rather develops only when an individual has the proper confluence of risk factors or determinants. Individuals are the “patients” of clinicians, whereas communities are the “patients” of epidemiologists. In light of this, while dealing with a patient who is unwell, the clinician and the epidemiologist have Hindawi Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine Volume 2022, Article ID 9945047, 18 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9945047