Abstract:
smallholder farmers is marketed and channeled to consumers
through both formal and informal chains [4]. About
95% of the marketed milk is channeled through the informal
chain. Unlike the formal marketing system, the informal
system is characterized by the absence of an operation
license, low cost of operation, high producer prices, and no
instruction of operation [5]. e informal marketing
channels are of low cost and use short-cut marketing routes
between the producer and consumers and are, thus, believed
to be more e cient than the formal marketing systems [2].
However, the hygienic condition of milk and milk products
channeled through this system is poor. is is mainly due to
