Incidence and predictors of mortality among neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome admitted at West Oromia Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2022. Institution Based Retrospective Follow-up Study.

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome is among the major causes of neonatal death, particularly in low resource country such as Ethiopia. However, data on the mortality related to respiratory distress syndrome and the predictors of death were scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of death among neonates admitted with respiratory distress syndrome in West Oromia Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted form May 01 to 30, 2022 among 406 to neonates admitted with respiratory distress syndrome in West Oromia referral hospitals, Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was employed. Data were collected using structured checklist adapted from different literatures and entered in to Epi data version 4.6.0.2 and exported to STATA Version 14 for cleaning, coding and analysis. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate survival time. The Weibull regression model was fitted to identify the predictors of mortality, which was selected based on AIC. Adjusted hazard ratio with 95% CI was computed, and variables with a P-value <0.05 was taken as significant predictors for the incidence of mortality from respiratory distress syndrome. Result: A total of 406 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome medical records with a completeness rate of 95.98% were participated in the study. The overall incidence of neonatal mortality was 59.87/1000 neonates-days observations (95%CI: 51.1-70.2). The proportion of death was 152 (37.44%) (95% CI: 32.7-42.2) among neonates admitted with respiratory distress syndrome in five West Oromia Referral hospitals. The median survival time of follow-up was 11 days (95% CI: 10-23). Very low birthweight (AHR=4.5, 95%CI: 2.0-10.9) and low birth weight (AHR=3.1, 95%CI: 1.4-6.6), perinatal asphyxia (AHR= 2.7, 95%CI: 1.8-4), Chorioaminoitis (AHR=2.2, 95%CI: 1.4-3.5) and multiple pregnancy (AHR= 2.2, 95%CI: 1.4-3.4) was a predictors of mortality while antenatal corticosteroid administration (AHR= 0.33, 95%CI: 0.2-0.7) was negatively associated with neonatal mortality of respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion and recommendation: The incidence of death among neonates admitted with respiratory distress syndrome was found to be high. Chorioaminoitis, perinatal asphyxia, very low and low birth weight and multiple pregnancy were the significant predictor of death. Thus special attention is needed for neonates with the predictors and antenatal corticosteroid administration is better to be implemented for mortality reduction among neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Keywords: Incidence; Neonatal mortality; Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome;