Abstract:
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome is among the major causes of neonatal
death, particularly in low resource country such as Ethiopia. However, data on the
mortality related to respiratory distress syndrome and the predictors of death were
scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of death
among neonates admitted with respiratory distress syndrome in West Oromia Referral
Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2022.
Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted form May 01 to 30, 2022
among 406 to neonates admitted with respiratory distress syndrome in West Oromia
referral hospitals, Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was employed. Data
were collected using structured checklist adapted from different literatures and entered
in to Epi data version 4.6.0.2 and exported to STATA Version 14 for cleaning, coding
and analysis. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate survival time. The Weibull
regression model was fitted to identify the predictors of mortality, which was selected
based on AIC. Adjusted hazard ratio with 95% CI was computed, and variables with a
P-value <0.05 was taken as significant predictors for the incidence of mortality from
respiratory distress syndrome.
Result: A total of 406 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome medical records
with a completeness rate of 95.98% were participated in the study. The overall
incidence of neonatal mortality was 59.87/1000 neonates-days observations (95%CI:
51.1-70.2). The proportion of death was 152 (37.44%) (95% CI: 32.7-42.2) among
neonates admitted with respiratory distress syndrome in five West Oromia Referral
hospitals. The median survival time of follow-up was 11 days (95% CI: 10-23). Very
low birthweight (AHR=4.5, 95%CI: 2.0-10.9) and low birth weight (AHR=3.1, 95%CI:
1.4-6.6), perinatal asphyxia (AHR= 2.7, 95%CI: 1.8-4), Chorioaminoitis (AHR=2.2,
95%CI: 1.4-3.5) and multiple pregnancy (AHR= 2.2, 95%CI: 1.4-3.4) was a predictors
of mortality while antenatal corticosteroid administration (AHR= 0.33, 95%CI: 0.2-0.7)
was negatively associated with neonatal mortality of respiratory distress syndrome.
Conclusion and recommendation: The incidence of death among neonates
admitted with respiratory distress syndrome was found to be high. Chorioaminoitis,
perinatal asphyxia, very low and low birth weight and multiple pregnancy were the
significant predictor of death. Thus special attention is needed for neonates with the
predictors and antenatal corticosteroid administration is better to be implemented for
mortality reduction among neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.
Keywords: Incidence; Neonatal mortality; Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome;
