INCIDENCE OF ACUTE TRANSFUSION REACTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT TRANSFUSED PATIENTS AT FELEGE HIWOT COMPRESSIVE REFERRAL HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: - Acute transfusion reactions are adverse events occurring within 24 hours of transfusion and cause simple to sever complications, even death. These transfusion reactions may vary with the blood component and recipient factors. In Ethiopia, there is no relevant research done about the incidence and associated factors of transfusion reaction. Objective: To determine the incidence of acute transfusion reactions and associated factors among adult transfused patients at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Referral Hospital Method: - A cross-sectional study was conducted at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Referral Hospital from February to April 2019 involving 384 study participants selected by convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used for socio-demographic and past medical history data collection. Vital signs were measured as baseline and every 15 minutes for the first hours of transfusion and 4 hours interval after transfusion for 24 hours. Complete blood cell count, direct anti-human globulin test and urine hemoglobin laboratory tests were done as baseline and for suspected patient. Cross match, blood grouping, and blood culture for patient and donor were also done for investigation of a patient with suspected acute transfusion reaction. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 20. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: - A total of 5.2% (95% CI: 3 - 7.4%) acute transfusion reaction was observed. The observed reactions were allergic (65%) febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (30%) and acute hemolytic reaction due to non-ABO incompatibility (5%). The reaction incidence was significantly associated with transfusion history (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 1.2-9.7), abortion history (AOR=4.9; 95% CI: 1.7-14), storage time (AOR=5.2; 95%CI: 1.7-15) and number of units transfused (AOR= 4; 95% CI: 1.5-11). Conclusion: - The total acute transfusion reaction incidence was 5.2%. Patients with a history of transfusion, abortion, transfused blood stored ? 14 days and multi transfused patients should be closely monitored. Keywords: - acute transfusion reaction, adverse event, blood transfusion, transfusion reaction, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia