Abstract:
Abstract
Introduction: - Acute transfusion reactions are adverse events occurring within 24 hours of
transfusion and cause simple to sever complications, even death. These transfusion reactions
may vary with the blood component and recipient factors. In Ethiopia, there is no relevant
research done about the incidence and associated factors of transfusion reaction.
Objective: To determine the incidence of acute transfusion reactions and associated factors
among adult transfused patients at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Referral Hospital
Method: - A cross-sectional study was conducted at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Referral
Hospital from February to April 2019 involving 384 study participants selected by convenient
sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used for socio-demographic and past
medical history data collection. Vital signs were measured as baseline and every 15 minutes
for the first hours of transfusion and 4 hours interval after transfusion for 24 hours. Complete
blood cell count, direct anti-human globulin test and urine hemoglobin laboratory tests were
done as baseline and for suspected patient. Cross match, blood grouping, and blood culture
for patient and donor were also done for investigation of a patient with suspected acute
transfusion reaction. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable binary logistic
regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 20. A p-value of < 0.05 was
considered as statistically significant.
Result: - A total of 5.2% (95% CI: 3 - 7.4%) acute transfusion reaction was observed. The
observed reactions were allergic (65%) febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (30%) and
acute hemolytic reaction due to non-ABO incompatibility (5%). The reaction incidence was
significantly associated with transfusion history (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 1.2-9.7), abortion history
(AOR=4.9; 95% CI: 1.7-14), storage time (AOR=5.2; 95%CI: 1.7-15) and number of units
transfused (AOR= 4; 95% CI: 1.5-11).
Conclusion: - The total acute transfusion reaction incidence was 5.2%. Patients with a
history of transfusion, abortion, transfused blood stored ? 14 days and multi transfused
patients should be closely monitored.
Keywords: - acute transfusion reaction, adverse event, blood transfusion, transfusion
reaction, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
