The in vivo antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant effects of Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst.ex Benth (????) leaves hydromethanol crude extract in Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice model

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, Diabetes Mellitus is one of the main public health concerns worldwide. Currently used antidiabetic medications have various limitations and medicinal plants and their products have been promising to minimize these backdrops. Traditionally, leaves of Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. Ex Benth has been used for the treatment of various ailments, including diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia. Objective: To examine the in vivo antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant effect of Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth leaves hydro-methanol crude extract in Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice model. Method: Diabetes mellitus was induced via a single intraperitoneal dose of 150mg/kg of Streptozotocin in male Swiss albino mice.Thirty mice were allocated in to six groups, five mice per group. The first one group was non-diabetic while the rest five groups were diabetic groups. Group 1 was normal control treated with distill water; Group 2 was negative control treated with distill water; Group 6 was positive control treated with glibenclamide; Groups 3-5 were experimental groups receiving 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg plant leaves crude extracts. On first, 7th and the 14th days, blood glucose level was measured from mice` tail. The in vitro antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activity of the plant leaf crude extract was evaluated in using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay and dinitrosalicylic acid assay respectively. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science software version 26, one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey抯 post hoc test. Result: Ocimum lamiifolium leaves hydromethanolic crude extract revealed significant (p?0.05) antihyperglycaemic effect in all doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) at 7th and 14th days of treatment compared to the negative control in diabetic mice. Groups treated with these doses also revealed significant bodywieght gain at the same period. In vitro studies also showed comparable antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory effect with the corresponding standard drugs, having half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 143.9礸/mL and 127.53礸/mL respectively. Conclusions: According to this study, Ocimum lamiifolium leaves possessed significant antihyperglycemic and wieght improving nature in Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. This effect might be through antioxidant activities and alpha amylase inhibition effect. Key words: Ocimum lamiifolium, Antidiabetic, Antioxidants, Streptozotocin