Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) B-27 Polymorphism with Risk of Diabetes Type one among Patients Visiting Gondar University Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a complex multifactorial and heterogeneous syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion or insulin action. Type one diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a selective destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells in the islets of Langerhans. It is an important public health problem. It accounts for between 5% and 10% of all diabetes cases. The main genomic region controlling the predisposition to type one diabetes is the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) class I of the major histocompatibility complex. The aim of the present study was to evaluate HLA B-27 polymorphism and risk factor for type one diabetic among patients visiting University of Gondar Teaching Hospital Gondar, North West Ethiopia. Two hundred blood samples were collected from September, 2015 to July,2016 from clinically confirmed type one diabetes mellitus patients (n= 100) and from type one diabetes mellitussero-negative individual (n= 100) that live in the study area by studying of case control method. HLA B-27 polymorphism was detected using PCR-SSP (single specific primer polymerasereaction) techniques. Statistical analyses of valuable data were performed by SPSS (version 20) package. Forty eight percent of study participant’s type one diabetes were with in the age range of less than forty years old and 67% were male. Age (P=0.000), study participants were living rural area (p=0.001) were associated risk factor for type one diabetes mellitus disease at 95% CI. The allele frequency in type one diabetes patients study subject ( n=100)was 0.67 and the remaining 33.the distribution of HLA-B-27 genotype in cases (p=0.000 and control (p= 0.001) were consistence with the Hardy winberg equation. In type one diabetes mellitus patients study subject.67of the study participantswerehomogenous for HLA B27.In control groups the frequency of HLA-B27 was 0.25 and the remaining 75 study subjects were negative for the mentioned allele. There was statistically significance association between HLAB27genotype and type one diabetes. (p=0.001, OR=1.370). Further studies with large numbers of sample size within the same and different population are reasonable in order to consider this polymorphism as a marker for type one diabetes mellitus