Recent Advances in Application of Constructed Wetland Technologies for Enhanced Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Constructed wetland systems are used as innovative and emerging solutions for environmental protection and restoration as these systems are low-cost and sustainable wastewater treatment systems. Recently, investigations of novel enhancement technologies on various modified constructed wetlands to improve treatment performance have been reported in different literatures. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in constructed wetland technology considering a wide range of expanded designs, configurations, and combinations with other technologies for the enhancement of wastewater treatment. It is found that the criteria for constructed wetland design and operation include site selection, plant selection, substrate selection, wastewater type, plant material selection, hydraulic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, water depth, operation mood and maintenance procedures are found to be the focuses of the current research on sustainable design of constructed wetlands. Keywords: Constructed wetland systems, environmental protection, wastewater treatment, sustainability