Abstract:
Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but
data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global,
regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to
impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term
CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we
