Dietary consumption patterns and its associated factors among Adolescents in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: 2024 G.C

Abstract

Background Adolescence is a critical growth period where nutrition greatly impacts on health. Teens need plenty of nutrients to support bone development and overall well-being. However, unhealthy dietary habits and lack of exercise can lead to malnutrition or obesity. The WHO recommends a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats to ensure adolescents reach their full potential. Objective: To assess dietary consumption patterns and its associated factors among adolescents in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia. Method and materials: A school-based, cross-sectional study was carried out from May 15, 2024, G.C to june15, 2024, G.C with a total sample size of 990 adolescents. Multistage sampling techniques was used to select the study subjects and the Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to gather dietary information over the course of a week-long recall period (FFQ). Following the testing of the fundamental hypotheses, the data was collected by Qobo toolbox and exported into SPSS version 27 was used for the analysis. the dietary patterns were ascertained by an exploratory factor analysis. Using WHO Anthro plus 2010 software, anthropometric weight and height data was assessed to identify the nutritional status of adolescents. To assess the dietary pattern and associated factors among adolescents’ a chi-square and a multivariable logistic regression model was employed. viii Result In this study there are five components namely super grain, unhealthy, traditional, vegetable and carbohydrate, and cereal dietary patterns identified. following elementary education (AOR=.707; 95% CL: .489, 1.021), not chat chewing (AOR =9.753; 95% CL: 1.475, 64.479), and food craving (AOR=1.459; 95% CL: 1.074, 1.981), regarding to school type governmental students (AOR=1.458; 95% CL: 1.037,2049), adolescents who does not drank alcohol(AOR=1.328; 95% CL: .344, 5.137), early adolescent age groups are(AOR=1.911; 95% CL: 1.431, 2.552) ,body mass index of thin (AOR=4.371; 95% CL: 2.325, 8.221) were positively and negatively associated with super grain dietary pattern. Adolescent who follow elementary education (AOR=.305; 95% CL: .200, .463), Mother occupation of self-employed (AOR=.373; 95% CL: .145, .956), father occupation of Merchant (AOR=1.574; 95% CL: 1.038, 2.383), adolescents whose nutritional status thinness (AOR=4.679; 95% CL: 2.255, 9.706), severely waisted (AOR=4.261; 95% CL: 1.112, 16.326) was significantly associated with vegetable and carbohydrate dietary pattern. The adolescent students who follow their education in government schools (AOR=.504; 95% CL: .335, .758), early adolescents, age 10-14 (AOR=1.635; 95% CL: 1.211, 2.208), mother occupation of government employ (AOR= .464; 95% CL: .277, .775), and housewife (AOR=.688; 95% CL: .478, .991) adolescents who does not drinking alcohol (AOR=.142; 95% CL: .040, .510) are significantly associated with unhealthy dietary pattern. Adolescents who do not have food restriction behavior (AOR=.605; 95%CL: .434, .845), don’t not have chat chewing behavior (AOR=11.777; 95%CL: 1.682, 82.487), adolescent who live with medium wealth index (AOR=.611; 95%CL: .404, .925). Government school type AOR=2.095; 95%CL: 1.338, 3.282), father occupation of NGO (AOR=1.832; 95%CL: 1.098,3.056) significantly associated with traditional dietary pattern. Adolescents who follow their education in governmental school (AOR=5.565; 95% CL: 3.290, 9.411), and whose fathers had merchant (AOR=2.100; 95% CL: 1.284, 3.435), government employer (AOR=2.232; 95% CL: 1.254, 3.974), adolescents following elementary school (AOR=26.612; 95% CL: 13.339, 53.090) and house hold food security level of severely food insecure (AOR=.345; 95% CL: .171, .694) had a significant association with consumption of a cereal type of dietary pattern.