Medication adherence and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients at Addis Ababa public hospitals, Ethiopia., 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Globally, non-adherence to medication among chronic kidney disease patients remains a significant barrier to effective management. Interventions to improve adherence need to target the contributing factors to enhance the quality of life. Thus, making adherence to prescribed medication is essential. However, little is known about the magnitude of medication adherence and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients in the study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of medication adherence and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients at Addis Ababa public hospitals, Ethiopia., 2022. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 01 to 30, 2022, at three public hospitals in Addis Ababa. A total of 343 participants were included in the study. Data were collected by using a structured and pretested interviewer-administered 8item Morisky medication adherence scale. The data were entered into Epi data version 4.6

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exported to STATA version 14 software for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Association between explanatory and dependent variables was reported using an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval and with a 5% level of significance (p-value <0.05). The appropriateness of the model for analysis was checked by Hosmer-Lemeshow model fitness test, and variance inflation factor (VIF) was used to detect multicollinearity for each predicting variable. Result: A total of 343 participants were included in the study with a response rate of 100%. In this study adherence to medications was observed in 43.4% of chronic kidney disease patients. Clients who were urban residents (AOR=5.54,95% CI: 2.67, 11.49), had social support (AOR=4.80, 95% CI: 2.42, 9.52), had community health insurance (AOR=3.27, 95% CI: 1.48, 7.24), had good knowledge (AOR=3.61, 95% CI: 1.74, 7.51), have favorable attitude (AOR=6.37,95% CI:3.23, 12.57), and drug availability (AOR=5.01, 95% CI: 2.32, 10.83) times more likely adhere to medication than their counterfactual. Conclusion and recommendation: In this study, more than half of the study participants were found to have low adherence towards their chronic kidney diseases medication. This means that for many chronic kidney diseases patients, medication adherence needs to be improved. Residence, social support, health insurance, drug availability, knowledge, and attitude were significantly associated with medication adherence. Give health education about the diseases and their treatments, and more emphasis for rural patients. Key words: Adherence, Medication, Associated factors, chronic kidney diseases.