Basic coagulation profiles and platelet parameters among Type 1 and Type 2 Adult Diabetic patient at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia,2019 : Comparative cross-sectional study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background:-Diabetes is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes is known to cause endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyper-reactivity, elevated levels of pro-coagulant and hypo fibrinolysis which causes hypercoagulable condition. Objective: To compare basic coagulation profiles and platelet parameters among type 1, type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls at Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia 2019. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. Using systematic random sampling method 180 study participants consisting of 60 type1 and 60 type2 diabetes and 60 apparently healthy controls were selected. Basic coagulation profiles and platelet parameters were determined using HUMACLOT JUNIOR coagulometer and DIRUI BF 6500 automated hematology analyzer respectively. The data were checked, entered, and cleaned using Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test supplemented with Dunn-Bonferroni correction to compare median of coagulation profiles and platelet parameters among groups and Spearman rank order correlation test was used to determine the correlation between fasting blood sugar, Prothrombin time, International Normalization Ratio, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, platelet count, platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume among T1DM and T2DM. The test result was expressed in median and interquartile range and presented in texts and tables. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Prothrombin time and international normalization ratio were significantly reduced in T2DM than T1DM and controls (p <0.05) while platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume were significantly increased in both T1DM and T2DM than healthy controls (p <0.05).Prothrombin time, international normalization ratio and activated partial thromboplastin time were negatively correlated with fasting blood sugar in T2DM whereas prothrombin time and international normalization ratio were negatively correlated with fasting blood sugar in T1DM. Conclusion: Patient with diabetes may prone to the risk of thrombosis evidenced by reduced prothrombin time and international normalization ratio in T2DM and elevated platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume in both T1DM and T2DM client. Basic coagulation profiles and Platelet parameters should be regularly tested in DM patient as it provides useful information for proper diagnosis and management of diabetes-related thrombotic disease