Assessment of Renal Function Test Abnormalities, Selected Serum Electrolyte Imbalances, And Associated Factors Among Adult Hypertensive Patients at Tibebe Ghion Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2022; Comparative Cross-sectional Study.

Abstract

Abstract Background: Hypertension is a medical condition in which a person's blood pressure is ?140/90 mmHg. It caused 9.4 million fatalities annually across the globe. Its complications can damage many target organs among which kidney is common. But there exists scarcity of data among hypertensives in our settings. This study aimed to assess renal function test abnormalities, selected serum electrolyte imbalances, and associated factors among hypertensives at Tibebe Ghion Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Method: Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study among hypertensives and normotensives was conducted. A total of 236 (118 hypertensives and 118 normotensives) participants were involved and systematic random sampling technique employed. Data were collected using the structured questionnaire and medical records. Five ml of fasting blood sample and 15 ml urine was collected. Serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, sodium, potassium, and chloride was measured by siemens ADVIA 560 clinical chemistry analyser and urinary protein by dipstick method. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. Hosmer Lemeshow goodness of fit model and independent t-test was used. Bivariate and multivariate analysis performed to test for association. P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Result: The prevalence of renal function test abnormality and electrolyte imbalance among hypertensives was 39.83 % and 54.24 % respectively. The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, elevated serum creatinine, hyperuricemia, proteinuria, and hyponatremia was 16(13.56%), 23(19.5%), 29(24.6%), 24(20.3%), and 20(16.95%) respectively. The mean 盨D serum creatinine, serum uric acid, and potassium among hypertensives were 1.04�28(95% CI; 0.977-1.084), 5.83�1(95% CI; 5.450-6.213), and 4.46�87(95% CI; 4.307-4.626) whereas among normotensives was 0.828�166(95% CI; 0.797-0.858), 4.53�24(95% CI; 4.301-4.754), and 4.23�44(95% CI; 4.153-4.317) respectively. Systolic blood pressure ?140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ?90 mmHg, and duration of hypertension >5 years, dietary salt consumption, and alcohol intake were associated with RFT abnormality and electrolyte imbalances. Conclusion and recommendation: Hypertensives have significantly increased mean 盨D serum creatinine, serum uric acid and potassium compared to their counterparts. Regular measurement of RFT parameters and serum electrolytes are strongly needed. Keywords; Associated factors, Electrolyte imbalance, Renal function test abnormalities