Abstract:
Background: Control of hookworm and other soil-transmitted helminth infections primarily relies on preventive
chemotherapy using a single dose of albendazole/mebendazole drugs on high-risk groups. Herein, the efficacy of a
single dose (400 mg) of albendazole (ALB) was investigated both in vivo and in vitro model in northwest Ethiopia.
Methods: An open-label, single-arm clinical trial was conducted to assess anti-hookworm effect of albendazole.
Stool samples were collected and examined using McMaster and Harada-Mori filter paper culture. Eligible
hookworm-infected patients were treated with a single dose of ALB. After 14–21 days post-treatment, stool samples
were also taken again and re-examined using the abovementioned technique. Egg reduction rate (ERR) and larval
motility were used as a therapeutic outcome measure. An independent t test was used to compare the mean
difference in egg counts, and probit analysis was performed for calculating the lethal concentration dose of
albendazole. P value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 70 participants had completed the drug efficacy study. The efficacy of ALB against hookworm in
terms of CR and ERR was 87% and 93%, respectively. Participants who had not eaten one or more hours prior to
treatment had higher CR than those who had eaten within 1 h before treatment (97.4% vs 74.2%), while individuals
with heavy infection intensity had a lower post-treatment ova clearing rate than those who were with light
infection intensity (43% vs 94.6%). The in vitro larvicidal effect of ALB was 63–93% after applying 50–250 μg/ml
concentration of ALB solution. The LC50 and LC99 were 152 μg/ml and 573 μg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: A single dose of albendazole was found to be effective for treating hookworm infections according to
WHO anthelminthic evaluation standard in the study area. Preventive chemotherapy might therefore be extended
to risk groups, with proper continuous monitoring of its efficacy to strengthen and keep the ongoing control and
prevention measures one step ahead.
