Abstract:
Introduction: Entrobacteriaceae is a large family of gram-negative bacteria and common
cause of nosocomial infection. Beta–lactam antibiotics are the possible drugs for
infections caused by entrobacteriaceae. But they produce extended spectrum betalactamases
that cause high resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotics.
Objective: To assess the magnitude of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing
entrobacteriaceae in Gondar Referral Hospital environment.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out at the University of Gondar Referral
Hospital from January to June 2014. A total of 384 environmental samples were taken
from inanimate objects and waste water from sewage. The samples were cultured onto
MacConkey agar, then species was identified by biochemical tests and isolates were also
subcultured on to Hicrome ESBL agar base to assess ESBL production. Antimicrobial
susceptibility tests were done using the disc diffusion method. Data was entered in SPSS
version 20 statistical software and analysed. The result was presented in table, figures and
text.
Result: From a total of 384 samples, 163 (42.45%) entrobacteriaceae were isolated and
of which 57(35.0%) were ESBL producing entrobacteriaceae. The most common ESBL
producing isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae 24 (14.7%) followed by Escherchia coli
20 (12.3%) and Proteus mirabilis (2.4%). Most of ESBL producing isolates were from
waste water 14 (24.6%), sink 13 (22.8%) and bed side table 13(22.8). All ESBL
producing entrobacteriaceae were resistant to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefpirome,
cefpodoxime and augmentin. Also resistant to chloramphenicol, 40(70.2%),
cotrimoxazole, 37(64.9%), norfloxacilin, 24(42.1%), ciprofloxacilin 25(43.9%),
gentamicin, 11(19.1%).
Conclusion: ESBL producing entrobacteriaceae were isolated from hospital
environments. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherchia coli & Proteus mirabilis were
predominant ESBL producing. It is important that health professional and other workers
should take an active role in infection control and encourage good antibiotic prescribing
practice.
