Abstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) represents one of the major challenges to global health. TB is
usually classified based on the disease symptoms and the site of infection. Two
types of clinical manifestation of TB are pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and
extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).
Objective
This study aimed at determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis and multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden among presumptive EPTB cases and
associated risk factors at Dessie Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April, 2018. A total of 337
presumptive EPTB cases in Dessie Referral Hospital were included using
convenient sampling. Data were collected using a prestructured questionnaire.
Body fluid specimens were collected and processed. Cytology, GeneXpert, and
GenoType MTBDR plus Line Probe Assays were used for the detection of MTB and
MDR-TB. Data were entered and cleared by Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed
using SPSS, version 21. Multivariate analysis was done. P value less than 0.05 at
95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant.
Results
The overall prevalence of EBTB using GeneXpert and cytopathological technique
was 23.4, 27.3%, respectively. TB lymphadenitis (48 and 53.3%, respectively) was
the dominant type followed by pleural (27 and 25%, respectively) and peritoneal
(24% and 21.7%, respectively) by GeneXpert and cytology. The prevalence of
MDR-TB was one (1.3%). Previous history of PTB (P<0.001) and HIV (P<0.001)
were significantly associated with EPTB.
Conclusion
High prevalence of EPTB (27.3%) was reported, and 1.3% of them were MDR-TB.
TB lymphadenitis was dominant. History of previous PTB and HIV was significantly
associated with EPTB. Therefore, clinicians, public health professionals, and health
programmers should give attention to EPTB case finding, treatment as well as
prevention and control of EPTB by adhering guidelines of the ministry of health and
WHO recommendations.
Keywords:
Dessie Referral Hospital, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Ethiopia, multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis,
