Abstract:
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is a syndrome characterized by periodic, partial, or complete
obstruction in the upper airway during sleep. This, in turn, causes repetitive arousal from sleep to restore
airway patency, which may result in daytime hyper somnolence or other daytime manifestations of
disrupted sleep such as aggressive or distractible behavior in children. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
is a complex disorder with series physiological consequences. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea
syndrome have an increased tendency for upper airway obstruction during sleep, which leads to repetitive
apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness and increased cardiovascular morbidity.
Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Search engines like PubMed through HINARI,
Cochrane database, Google Scholar to get access for current and updated evidences on perioperative
anesthetic management for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Discussion: Patients with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea should be considered to be at increased
risk for perioperative complications. Patients who had obstructive sleep apnea and at risk for obstructive
sleep apnea should be identified before Surgery. The most effective and widely used treatment for
obstructive sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure, it treats apnea ehypopnea by providing
air under positive pressure through a nasal or facial mask thus creating a pneumatic splint in the
pharynx, which prevents collapse of the pharyngeal airway.
Conclusion: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who underwent procedures under anesthesia
were at increased risk for perioperative complications compared with patients without the disease. The
equipment for management of a difficult airway should be in place before induction of general anesthesia.
Orotracheal tubes in various sizes, gum elastic bougie as well as a McCoy laryngoscope and a
laryngeal mask airway were necessary.
© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Surgical Associates Ltd. This is an open access
article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
