Abstract:
ABSTRACT. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are at risk for renal
disease as a consequence of complications of antiretroviral treatment. Particularly, the
complication of kidney disease is high in patients who switched to Tenofovir Disoproxil
Fumarate. The treatment is associated with nephrotoxicity, decrease in glomerular filtration rate,
leading to kidney disease. This review focused on assessing the effect of antiretroviral therapy
(ART) on kidney function among HIV-positive patients. Initially, the study protocol was
registered on Prospero and given a unique identification number of CRD42018087686. We then
conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane library, and Google
from 2008 to September 2018. We found 742 study results eligible for this review. After stringent
filtration mechanism, 15 qualified studies were used for systematic review and meta-analysis
process. Cross-sectional, cohort, randomized controlled trials, and prospective studies were
eligible for inclusion in the study. The overall pooled prevalence found in this meta-analysis was
6.42% with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 96.7%). The highest subgroup prevalence was
reported from Ghana, with subgroup prevalence of 13.65% without statistical heterogeneity (I2 =
0.0%). Majority of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was in stage 3 with subgroup prevalence of
6.78% and tolerable statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 66.7%). There was high pooled prevalence of
CKD among HIV-positive patients on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa. The highest subgroup
prevalence was reported from Ghana. Majority of CKD was reported in stage 3.