Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of early mortality and morbidity from hypertension. Even though Ethiopia is Africa’s first country among the top five in the prevalence of DM, there is a paucity of data on hypertension and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, 2019. Methods and Materials: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed on 378 T2DM patients. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed by Stata 14. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors of hypertension among T2DM patients. Associated factors were declared at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among T2DM patients was 59.5% (95% CI: 54.5–64.5). Stage 1 hypertension was the most common (30.95%). The odds of hypertension was higher among age group of 50–60 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.27–4.90)), patients from urban area (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI (1.08– 7.18)), with longer duration of T2DM (AOR =1.16, 95% CI (1.08–1.25)), with BMI ≥25 kg/ m2 (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI (1.71–5.96)), with poor glycemic control (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI (1.75–5.19)), and patients who were current cigarette smokers (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI (1.98–14.96)). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension is high and the majority have poor blood pressure control. Hence, DM care providers and other health sector stakeholders have to work in collaboration to prevent it through designing appropriate strategies especially for those at higher risk of developing hypertension. Keywords: hypertension, associated factors, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Ethiopia Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of early mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as hypertension (HTN), stroke, and end-stage renal disease. Hypertension is the leading CVD-attributable cause of morbidity and mortality among T2DM patients.1–3 The comorbidity of DM and hypertension is increasing globally.4 Hypertension with diabetes increases mortality risk by 7.2 times with a higher risk of death in developing countries5 like Ethiopia, Africa’s first ranked country with the number of diabetes mellitus patients.6 Hypertension contributes to the development and progression of microvascular Correspondence: Yonas Akalu Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia Tel +251 918318230 Email yonasakalu21@gmail.com Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 2020:13 1621–1631 1621 http://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S254537 DovePress © 2020 Akalu and Belsti. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/ terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Diabetes