Abstract:
ABSTRACT
Background: Unemployment as a state in which, people who can work are without jobs and are
seeking for pay or profit. Unemployment is one of the main challenges of the modern era in both
the developed and developing countries. Unemployment gives rise to private and social problems
in the society such as increased crimes, suicides, poverty, alcoholism and prostitution.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to describe the spatial dependency and to
examine the various determinants of unemployment among women in Ethiopia.
Methodology: The dataset for this study was taken from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health
Surveys 2016. The data included basic demographic and social characteristics. To analyze our
data we employed spatial analysis and multilevel logistic regressions to identify the
geographical variation and to determinant factors of women unemployment status in Ethiopia.
Results: Total of 15683 women were included in this study, among this study 10011(63.8% )
women’s are unemployed and 5672(36.2%) women’s are employed in Ethiopia according to
2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys data. The results from Global Moran’s I test
reveal that the women unemployment status was clustered or not random in Ethiopia. High risk
(hot spots) areas for women unemployment status were found in almost all bearing of Afar and
Somalia, southwest Tigray, North and west Oromia, and Eastern and southern part of Amhara.
In other hand Addis Ababa, central and eastern Oromia, Dire Dawa and Hariri, Gambela,
almost all bearing of Beneshagul, and eastern SNNPR were identified as cold spot (low risk)
regions. In multilevel binary logistic regression analysis; Women Place of residence, age of
women, marital status at the time of survey, women education level, husband/partners level of
education, husband/partners occupation, sex of household head, economic status of the
household, size of house hold and pregnancy of women in the household were found to be
statistically significant variable implies that those variables were determinants of unemployment
among reproductive age women (15-49 years). The effect of these significant variables is the
same for each region in Ethiopia.
