Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Justica Schimperiana and its Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

In this study, green synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of copper oxide nano particles was studied. The Copper oxide Nano particles were successfully synthesized via a fast, convenient, cost effective, and environmentally friendly method by biologically reducing 3 mM CuSO4.5H2O solution with extract of 5% (m/v) of Justicia schimperiana under optimum condition. The formation of Copper oxide Nano particles was primarily noticed by observing color change from brown red to greenish yellow. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were also characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The reduction process was simple and convenient to handle and was monitored by UV-Visible spectrophotometer that showed surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of the CuO NPs at 212 nm. This has clearly revealed the formation of Copper oxide Nanoparticle. The presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates and tannis, which were in the biomass of the Justicia schimperiana leaf extract before and after reduction was identified using qualitative phytochemical screening methods and FT-IR Spectrophotometer, XRD pattern showed distinctive peaks corresponding to (110), (002), (111) and (202) planes that can be indexed as the typical monoclinic structure and the crystalline size of the formed particle was obtained to be 21.8 nm from the XRD data by using scherrer formula. The antibacterial activity of Green synthesized Copper oxide Nano particles was also investigated on both gram-positive bacteria such as, Staphylococcus aureus and gram – negative bacteria such as, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli clinical isolated of human pathogenic bacteria strains through agar well disc diffusion method with comparing to standard antibiotic drug of gentamycin. They were found to have significant effect in controlling the growth of the human pathogens with maximum inhibition zone of 18, 17 and 17 mm in Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium respectively and a minimum inhibition zone of 9 mm in Klebsiella pneumonia after 24 hr incubation with three trials