PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES ON THE LEAVES EXTRACT OF Celosia argentea (TELENG)

Abstract

he celosia argentea leaves are used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of fever, diarrohea, mouth sores, itching, wounds, jaundice, gonorrhea, inflammation, bleeding nose, cold and gastrointestinal diseases. In this study 500g of air dried grinded leaves of the plant were sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol using the maceration method. Then the three extracts were separately subjected to phytochemical screening test using known methods and the petroleum ether extract showed the presence of steroids, Quinone, starch, cellulose, fixed oils and fats. The chloroform extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannin, steroids, terpenoids, Quinone, starch saponin, fixed oils and fats. Finally, the methanol extract exhibited the presence of alkaloids, Quinone, flavonoids, tannin, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, protein, starch, fixed oils and fats. The three extracts were also separately presented to antibacterial activities by gram-well diffusion method against E.coli, S.aureus, and K.pneumonia and S.typhi bacteria. The petroleum ether and chloroform extracts did not show inhibition zones. On the other hand, the methanol extract showed comparable inhibition zone against the selected bacteria. Since the methanol extract showed comparable inhibition zone against the selected pathogens it was further subjected to column chromatography for the isolation of the major component. The major component isolated from the methanol extract was identified as 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23-hexamethyltetracosa-12, 22-dien-1-ol by spectroscopic techniques