PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF LEAVES AND SEED EXTRACT OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L.

Abstract

Xanthium strumarium L. (Family: Compositae) a medicinal plant commonly found as a weed, is widely distributed in North America, Brazil, China, Malaysia and hotter parts of India. The aim of this study is to extract and isolate the main component(s) and the antibacterial activities from the leaves and seed extract of xanthium strumarium L. Extraction and isolation of the crude extract through column chromatography by increasing polarity of the solvent system n-hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol gives 45 fractions and three of them showed single spots in different solvent systems on TLC whereas the other showed more than two spots on TLC under different solvent system. The other method used for the extraction of the leaves of X. strumarium L. was soxhlet method and the solvent used were acetone and methanol from this the acetone crude of seed was pure on TLC on under different solvent system. The preliminary phytochemical screening tests of the crude methanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, Saponins, tannins, phenols, glycosides and steroids and the acetone fraction showed only terpenoids. Methanolic crude extract of leaves of X. strumarium L. showed good zone of inhibition with Escherichia coli, staphylococusaureus, salmonelatyphi, klebsilla pneumonia, and it was more effective against Escherichia coli and staphylococusaureus (15mm, 14mm) respectively and the acetone fraction showed effective inhibition zone on Escherichia coli, staphylococusaureus, klebsilla pneumonia(14mm,12mm,14mm) and has moderate inhibition zone on salmonelatyphi(7mm) respectively . The other crude which is the acetone oil crude extract of the seed of X. strumarium L. showed less inhibition zone on the four bacteria but has moderate inhibition zone on the staphylococusaureus (10mm) as compared to the gentamycin