Abstract:
Background: In countries like Ethiopia, pregnant women face food taboos that hinder access to
vital nutrients, leading to malnutrition and health complications. Existing research typically
overlooks the cultural, social, and psychological factors behind these restrictions. This study seeks
to fill this gap by examining the influence of cultural practices on nutrition. It will also explore the
long-term effects on maternal and child health.
Objective: To assess food taboos and the associated factors among pregnant women in Addis
Zemen Town, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based mixed-method study was conducted from March 20 to April 20,
2024, using cross-sectional and phenomenological designs. Quantitative data were collected via a
pretested structured questionnaire, while qualitative data came from in-depth interviews.
Participants were selected through systematic random sampling, with the first participant chosen
by lottery. Purposive sampling was used for qualitative data. Quantitative analysis was performed
with SPSS 23.0 using binary logistic regression, and qualitative data were analyzed manually and
thematic analysis. Associations were measured using Odds Ratios at 95% CI, with significance set
at p < 0.05.
Results: Out of 423 participants, 52.7% (95% CI: 47.8–57.7) reported experiencing food taboos.
Age- being under 20 years old (AOR = 1.23, being a housewife (AOR = 1.40), having a husband
with no formal education (AOR = 1.22), being a primigravida (AOR = 2.00), not attending
antenatal care (AOR = 2.01), never having heard of food taboos (AOR = 5.204), and knowing
friends who practiced food taboos (AOR = 5.230). Qualitative findings highlighted the influence
of educational levels, community influence, previous experiences, gravidity, perceptions of food
safety, and the role of rumors and peer pressure.
Conclusion: Over half of the pregnant women faced food taboos, emphasizing the need for
targeted interventions. Healthcare institutions should focus on raising awareness, especially for
those without antenatal care or knowledge of food taboos.
